Documents 

This 2006 book was the first handbook where the world's foremost 'experts on expertise' reviewed our scientific knowledge on expertise and expert performance and how experts may differ from non-experts in terms of their development, training, reasoning, knowledge, social support, and innate talent. Methods are described for the study of experts' knowledge and their performance of representative tasks from their domain of expertise. The development of expertise is also studied by retrospective interviews and the daily lives of experts are studied with diaries. In 15 major domains of expertise, the leading researchers summarize our knowledge on the structure and acquisition of expert skill and knowledge and discuss future prospects. General issues that cut across most domains are reviewed in chapters on various aspects of expertise such as general and practical intelligence, differences in brain activity, self-regulated learning, deliberate practice, aging, knowledge management, and creativity. [editor summary]

The book is organized into three parts. Part I introduces the visuomotor system and two processing systems that work together to permit the great range of actions humans perform. Eye-tracking technology is reviewed along with new possibilities for measuring what athletes really see when they perform. In part II, the author presents a unique framework of gaze control. Readers will learn how skilled athletes control the gaze to gain optimal control of their attention and decision making. The quiet eye phenomenon, measurement, and training are also addressed. Part III describes the three-step decision-training model and its application to how coaches design practice, provide feedback, use questions, and give instructions. Case studies show how others are using the model and the seven decision-training tools." [editor summary]

Les mouvements, même pour le jonglage le plus élémentaire, évoquent une structure qui se répète de façon cyclique, de balle en balle. Cette structure apparente est la marque d’une co-ordination , propre à l’être vivant, animal ou humain. Elle repose sur une mise en jeu spatiale et temporelle, mesurée en millisecondes, de multiples composants : les doigts, les mains, leurs muscles (au nombre de 29), les avant-bras et bras, le regard, le centre des masses, la tête, les appuis au sol. Les relations entre ces composants et la structure globale qui caractérise la performance du jonglage, sa forme ou gestalt, ont été étudiées dans les champs des mathématiques, des sciences du mouvement humain et des neurosciences du “contrôle” des mouvements.