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This project is concerned with how circus training can benefit children diagnosed on the autistic spectrum and, in turn, their families. Many “special needs” children spend a great deal of time in physiotherapy, speech therapy, osteopathic therapy, occupational therapy and behavioural therapy. The thesis explores how circus can open up a new world to such children, enabling them to take risks, physically and emotionally; to stretch the capacities of their bodies in an environment that enriches their social development. Not only do they gain in strength, coordination and physical awareness, they can also gain confidence, opportunities for creative expression and a sense of “fitting in”.

For the parents and siblings of children with autism, circus training sessions provide respite and a chance to enjoy seeing their family member becoming involved with other children and achieving things that might not have seemed within their capabilities. There are frequently flow-on effects through improvements in autistic children’s skills and behaviours in daily life. Families can also become part of the “circus family” – sharing a sense of community with other families who understand the challenges that accompany life with an autistic child: a sense of isolation in the wider community, the frustrations, embarrassments and feelings of being judged. In the circus community, parents never need to apologise for their child in the same breath as introducing themselves.

The project draws on observations from my work as a circus performer and trainer; focused interviews with several physiotherapists, occupational therapists and circus trainers; literature relating to youth and social circus, and autism; and theoretical work on creativity, embodiment, difference, identity, belonging and changing notions of community, particularly from Foucault, Deleuze and Guattari, Agamben and Probyn.

I set out to demonstrate the practical value of circus to children with special needs and their families; that the environment of creative chaos developed in circus is particularly beneficial for children with autism; that the practice philosophy of circus values both difference and inclusivity, helping to build community; that philosophy and cultural theory can provide insights into how circus “works” for autistic children and their families; and that participation in circus can change how people understand the world and each other. My aim as a circus professional is to encourage us all to re-think how we approach physical therapy for children with special needs and to provide some theoretical frameworks that support the exceptional work of youth circus schools around Australia. [author summary]